This chapter examines a range of factors that impact on wellbeing. Improving wellbeing has a range of benefits including better physical health, a healthier lifestyle and a longer life expectancy. It starts with a description of groups who are more at risk of poor mental wellbeing and how this can be addressed to tackle health inequalities. This is followed by a description of some of the issues relating to measuring wellbeing and some details about recent measures of wellbeing in Kingston. This includes both direct measure and data on the numbers taking part in the various activities shown to promote mental wellbeing as well as information on the numbers experiencing risk factors for mental illness.